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Such methods generally employ short-time frequency transform (STFT), time-frequency representations like Wigner-Ville, wavelet transform, and empirical mode decomposition (EMD).
These methods generally employ much larger samples sizes (N > 12) [ 19, 43, 44], so we hypothesised that the standard clustering approach would not have enough power to identify robust gene networks.
User-supplied one-point methods generally employ ridge detection based on differential geometry [ 26], while two-point methods find a path between the points that minimizes a cost measure designed to penalize paths that stray from the middle of a vessel.
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While the use of conventional spectroscopic methods generally employs established designs of spectrometers and techniques, the use of lasers often requires the development of new and ingenious experimental methods to extract desired spectroscopic information.
The reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) based design method is a type of topology optimization methods generally employing the finite element method for physical field analysis.
Unfortunately the analytic tools for crafting control protocols employed in any particular setting do not necessarily translate equivalently between approaches, nor do the methods generally employed for evaluating efficacy easily translate to experimentally measured characteristics of the environment.
First, the correlation-based methods generally employed are incapable of detecting the subtle shifts in reaction norms that are expected over the few generations spanned in most studies.
This is an advance over previously reported sulfonation/arylation methods that generally employ sulfonyl chlorides for the synthesis of the electrophiles in the first step.
Topological methods are generally employed as a first test to determine if diversification rate shifts exist across lineages, while temporal methods are more powerful at addressing specific questions of when, how much, and where shifts in diversification took place along a phylogeny.
Numerical methods are generally employed to deal with such complex problems.
Normal pulse, cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric methods were generally employed for analyzing drug and dsDNA oxidation signals through using various sensors and nanosensors.
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