The population balance analysis of the idealized mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer is a particularly elegant method for analyzing crystal size distributions at steady state to determine crystal growth and nucleation kinetics.
When tested under conditions of uninterrupted growth to steady state, it was found that the three methods produced virtually identical final crystal size distributions (CSDs), though the Lax-Wendroff and Crank-Nicholson methods showed some oscillatory behaviour early on.
A spectral turbidimetric method was used to measure crystal size on-line during the cooling crystallization of glycine in water.
Methods for the prediction of the crystal size distribution based on the population balance are now well established.
The proposed modeling methods are applied to online prediction of the molecular weight distribution in polymerization processes and of the crystal size distribution in crystallization processes.
Crystal sizes of reconstructed hydrotalcites were smaller than those of the as-synthesized ones, and the hydrotalcites prepared using urea method had larger crystal sizes than those by co-precipitation.
In addition, several procedures have been developed to synthesize TiO2; among them, the hydrothermal process using an autoclave has been an effective method to obtain crystal sizes between 6 and 15 nm at pressure and temperature values above 50 atm and 200 °C, respectively [11, 12]. Figure 1 shows the structure of a sensitized solar cell.
Perovskite prepared by the one-step coating method shows cuboid-like crystals, the average CH3NH3PbI3 crystal size from about 200 nm to about 600 nm, as shown in Fig. 2a.
To estimate the crystal size, we have used the method described by Porter et al. [34].
The method of moments is applied to a population balance model for the crystals, to track the spatial variation of characteristics of the crystal size distribution along the crystallizer length.
