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Comparison of studies on prevalence of back disorders is challenging due to heterogeneity across research methods, case definitions, and study populations [ 26].
Surveyors received a two-week training in interviewing technique, sampling methods, case definitions, informed consent protocols, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement, and rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria.
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EIP surveillance methods, analytic methods, and case definitions will need to adapt, as will laboratory methods applied for drug susceptibility and molecular typing in EIP projects.
We evaluated trends in incidence and mortality and made comparisons across studies by using studies with similar study methods and case definitions when possible.
Different methods and case definitions were used to diagnose TB.
Although the two studies shared some common methods, the case definitions differed.
Investigators must work to develop standardized methods and case definitions while pursuing creative approaches to overcoming historical obstacles.
Standardization of panels, and consistent screening methods and case definitions will allow more pooling of available data on the utility of screening.
In addition, the difference in methods applied, case definitions used and background characteristics of respondents across various studies further complicate the situation.
Major differences are apparent in the diagnostic coding systems, congenital anomaly grouping methods, and case definitions among the studies [see Supplemental Material, Table 1 (doi:10.1289/ehp.1002946)].
The limitations noted above could be corrected in future studies by developing and publishing standardized study methods including case definitions and analytical plans and by development of a generic protocol for outbreak and endemic disease investigations.
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