Sentence examples for methods as a proxy of the from inspiring English sources

As the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site, d N, is informative of the combined effect of mutation and selection, we used Σd N (see Materials and Methods) as a proxy of the evolvability of the corresponding subset of residues.

In Figure 2-3, we report embryo area, which we use as a proxy of embryo size given the rotational symmetry of C. elegans embryos (see Materials and methods).

The service utilization method: Data on current service utilization serve as a proxy of satisfied demand.

For this we used simple linear models for each component with ESTIMATE scores as a proxy of this contribution (see Materials and methods).

Moreover, contrary to our expectations, the method did not produce reliable results when a basal area parameter was used as a proxy of competition for light.

Electrical conductivity of soil can be considered as a proxy of soil physical properties.

To provide a complete overview of macroalgal morphology, biomass was used as a proxy of habitat quantity and fractal measures as proxies of habitat complexity.

In most cases, R&D personnel was used as a proxy of human capital while R&D expenditures as a proxy of investment.

Acoustic chorus surveys are one of the most common methods for monitoring of amphibians [e.g. 25], [26], [27] and their use in population trend assessment implicitly regards chorusing to act as a proxy of reproduction.

We used educational level as a proxy of socioeconomic status.

This variable is taken as a proxy of socioeconomic level.