The Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS) is an ongoing open prospective cohort study that was based on snowball sampling methods and outreach efforts at local services for IDU, primarily the city's needle exchange program [ 13].
Since investigators were unable to obtain large enough sample sizes using RDS, all sampling was changed to the snowball methods and outreach convenience sampling (provision of outreach service on-site, such as in bath-houses and clubs) in the early phase of the study.
Selection bias may exist, due to the snowball methods sampling method and outreach site service, which might restrict the representativeness of the study.
First, selection bias may exist, due to the RDS sampling method and outreach site service, which might restrict the representativeness of the study.
However, non-smokers and smokers were recruited using the same methods of advertising and outreach, and more importantly, our data demonstrated that there were statistically significant dose-responses for increasing cotinine concentration and CO exhalation with increasing Nugent score.
Marie Stopes, a well-known and respected global reproductive health organization, has been operational in the north since 2002, providing the full range of family planning methods through clinics and outreach programs and offering extensive community education.
Writing in the latest edition of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, US doctors say: "We should not wait for our patients with skin cancer to come to us when it may be too late, but use research and outreach methods to improve early detection of head and neck melanomas by capitalising on the role of hairdressers and their unique relationship with our potential clients".
Women sampled using the same eligibility criteria and outreach methods differed with respect to risk exposures and HIV outcomes.
In these two samples of young FSW, recruited using the same eligibility criteria and outreach methods, we observed important differences in sociodemographics, risk exposures and HIV infection outcomes.
U-Report made it quicker for people to share and receive information, even in hard-to-reach areas where other methods of social mobilization and outreach are less effective.
The key task for Offa going forward is not to identify the best types and methods of outreach, but to ensure that the infrastructure which supports outreach activity across the sector is sound, as well as advocating for the policy environment which surrounds it.
