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To solve more complex problems, mathematicians and engineers have developed powerful computer-aided numerical methods, which can be categorized into two main types: differential methods and integral methods.
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For the mentioned task, they used different techniques like decomposition methods [29], homotopy methods [30], and integral transform methods [31], etc.
Lumped circuit parameters of the transformer winding are calculated using self-developed solvers based on the boundary element method and integral equations approach.
Series of works by S. Torquato were devoted to application of perturbation method and integral equations with Green's function to derive effective conductivity and elastic properties for two-phase media.
Fig. 4 Difference between the test results of the two discussed evaluation methods (amplitude and integral energy method).
To combine level set methods and boundary integral methods we perform a parametrization step for a newly updated level set function.
By applying a hybrid numerical approach composed of the Layerwise-differential quadrature method (LW-DQM) and integral quadrature method (IQM), the equations of motion are discretized in the spatial domain.
By using the transfer matrix method and Fourier integral transform technique, the problem is reduced to a Cauchy singular integral equation.
Employment of the transfer matrix method and Fourier integral transform technique reduce the problem to a system of Cauchy singular integral equations.
There are two main techniques for dealing with the integrals that appear in the derivative: the free-weighting matrix method and the integral inequality method.
By using the transfer matrix method and Hankel integral transform technique, this problem is formulated as the solution of the Cauchy singular integral equations.
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