Sentence examples for methods and calibration from inspiring English sources

We found that time estimates vary across methods and calibration boundaries used, suggesting that the time estimates on the Plasmodium mitochondrial DNA are not robust to model and parameter perturbations.

Following this approach, we explored the consequences on the estimated times by using different methods and calibration boundaries and evaluated not only their robustness to parameter perturbations, but also their compatibility with known divergences and biogeographical distributions.

The ORs were adjusted for the stratified sampling methods and calibration weights that serve to adjust for non-response bias and are based on information extracted from various Swedish registers [ 19].

However, these methods also suffer from shortcomings, including counting inefficiencies, probe sample interaction artifacts (e.g., electron beam degradation of the sample, probe-induced sample movement, artifacts due to electron beam inhomogeneity), sample preparation issues (e.g., sampling errors and debris artifacts related to sample preparation methods), and calibration and focusing errors.

Time estimates for the deuterostome-arthropod divergence ranged from 913 – 1554 Ma across all methods and calibrations (average of 1130 ± 120 Ma), although SGGPL gave substantially higher estimates than the other methods (Table 3).

COTCP is a bolus transcardiopulmonary thermodilution technique and served as the reference method and calibration method for PCCO.

Secondary calibration points generated by these previous Annonaceae studies were avoided as a different molecular dating method and calibration points were employed in this study.

The instrument detection limit (IDL) of this method and calibration was 2.5 μg mL−1 per individual FAME and the reproducibility between replicate injections was <5% RSD (data not shown).

A recent molecular study by Springer et al. [ 40] using the same Bayesian dating method and calibration points – but for a longer data set – found support for the Long Fuse model of Archibald and Deutschman [ 54] by placing almost all interordinal divergences in the Late Cretaceous.

This is further exemplified by Kumar et al. [ 36], who showed that both sampling method and calibration dates affect the confidence limits of the estimated timing of the human-chimpanzee divergence (calculated at 4.86 - 7.02 MYA, depending on the preferred date of the split between apes and Old World monkeys).

A dense network of ground measurements and observations in IMWM provides valuable material for satellite methods evaluation and calibration.