These printing methods allow direct printing of any kind of arbitrary, two-dimensional shapes including patterning of the electric contacts and thus no post-patterning stages are needed.
These printing methods allow direct printing of any kind of arbitrary, two-dimensional shapes including patterning of the electric contacts thus post-patterning stages are not needed.
At the same time, our methods allow direct comparisons between the performance of learning algorithms in different experiments, since no randomness is present.
The availability of 3D measuring techniques and 3D image processing methods allow direct quantification of unbiased morphometric parameters, such as direct volume and surface determination, model independent assessment of thickness, and 3D connectivity estimation.
While nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods allow direct measurements of protein dynamics, they are limited by the large size of these membrane protein assemblies in detergent micelles or lipid membranes.
Recently developed experimental methods allow direct single-base profiling of either 5-hmC or 5-mC.
Both methods allow direct assessment of the proliferation rate of cells but should be accompanied by the mentioned viability tests for unequivocal interpretation.
Recent developments in analytical methods allow direct evaluation of cellular physiology by analysis of intracellular variables such as proteins, RNAs or metabolites, either in focused or systems-wide manner [ 1, 3].
Finally, while the common research protocols and demonstrable cross-cultural validity of our methods allow direct comparisons to be made between samples from the different countries surveyed, our findings should be generalized with caution and only to populations similar to those that we focused upon.
While recent advances in experimental methods allow direct observations of gene expression levels in individual cells, there is considerable interest in theoretically understanding how different molecular mechanisms of gene expression influence variations in mRNA or protein levels across a population of cells.
