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We undertook a subgroup analysis by methodology quality rating (strong vs. moderate).
Two studies using a national database [ 10, 19] received a study methodology quality rating of L1, 1 study [ 31] received a rating of L2, 3 studies [ 2, 20, 24] received a rating of L5, and the remainder of studies received ratings of L3 or L4 (Table 3) [ 4- 6, 18, 21- 25, 25- 30, 32- 36].
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Two review author firstly independently rated each item on a scale from "strong", "moderate" to "weak", and then jointly rated the methodology quality of whole study into "strong" (no weak rating for each item), "moderate" (one weak rating for each item) or "weak" (two or more weak ratings for each item).
The online appendix (table B) also presents the research design and methodology of the studies, including a quality rating for each study, the data collection methods, sample size and response rate, and the type and level of analysis.
(qi) is the quality rating.
quality rating and improvement system.
++Strong methodology quality; + Moderate methodology quality; - Week methodology quality.
QS = Quality rating.
The authors therefore considered each paper with respect to the result of schematic quality rating, by doing an overall non-systematic evaluating of the studies face validity, as well as their strengths of methodology and analyses.
A methodology quality checklist was devised, guided by items from an available quality assessment tool [ 25].
Additional file 3: Quality rating.
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