Therefore, the estimated amplitude of the association between PM2.5 and birth weight relative to the effect of smoking appears bigger in our study than in the former studies; this comparison is, however, limited by the wide CI of our estimates and by the different exposure assessment methodologies, exposure levels, and pollution mix in the compared studies.
Identifying the number of workers exposed occupationally to carcinogens and the circumstances of these exposures are also key aspects of this study and are described in the methodology and exposure assessment papers in this supplement.
To assess their effectiveness, the paper utilizes an integrated fate and transport methodology and exposure pathways.
A complete description of the methodology on exposure modeling has been reported previously (Aguilera et al. 2008).
5 10 Such intercountry variability could, at least in part, be caused by differences in study design, methodology and exposure ascertainment across studies.
Because it is technically challenging to use inhalation methodology for exposure of rats to all these fractions concurrently, repeated weekly intratracheal instillations were used.
The intake fraction methodology yielded exposure estimates that were both interpretable from a health perspective and implementable for a large-scale energy efficiency program.
On the basis of the UNSCEAR methodology for exposure to ionising radiation, the overall estimated AF for bone cancer was 0.02%, and for thyroid cancer the AF was 0.05%.
A complete description of the methodology on exposure modeling has been reported previously (Aguilera et al. 2008; Estarlich et al. 2011; Fernández-Somoano et al. 2011; Iñiguez et al. 2009).
This methodology for exposure categorization allowed us to explicitly model risk for the study outcome within set risk windows during the course of drug treatment, and it has been used in a previous pharmacoepidemiological study.
The finding that graduate education affected favourability among obstetricians may mean that fluency with critical appraisal of research methodology, and exposure to emerging evidence may change interpretation of relative risk across birth settings.
