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Below we discuss the different methodologies and outcomes of different empirical experiences conducted in Italy and Spain, paying particular attention to the "Centre sampling technique" (CS), which has proved to be a very effective approach for addressing the Italian situation with many immigrants not registered in the Anagrafe.
The study characteristics extracted were theoretical framework, specification of target groups and descriptions of interventions, treatment modalities, methodologies, and outcomes.
Data synthesis using a meta-analysis was not possible because of the variety of study designs, methodologies, and outcomes measured.
Second, we are interested in conceptualising how the interventions were framed in theory and practice and who they targeted, rather than comparing study methodologies and outcomes.
However, we feel that this is unlikely since our findings were significant only for one menstrual factor (age at menarche) as we clearly showed significant findings, using two different methodologies and outcomes (which were biologically related), of poorer tumors and survival, and this is consistent with the interpretation of a poorer prognosis.
In part, this can be explained by different methodologies and outcome measures.
The methodologies and outcome measures were distinctly heterogeneous, precluding meta-analysis.
The two purposes require different methodologies and outcome products (Moore et al. 2004; Vandivere and McPhee 2008).
It is difficult to compare studies due to differing methodologies and outcome measures, and unclear definitions and descriptions of case management [ 11- 13].
Initial analyses included data from all 35 studies, and subsequent analyses were performed using only data from studies with similar methodologies and outcome definitions (i.e., studies with a score of ≥9).
