There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating measurement error and cross-cultural validity of the WLQ.
There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating measurement error, cross-cultural validity or responsiveness of the SPS.
There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating measurement error, structural validity or cross-cultural validity of the WPSI.
There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating measurement error, content validity, structural validity or cross-cultural validity of the EWPS.
It is important to keep in mind that if a characteristic cannot be measured well or for some reason is not measured well in an otherwise methodologically sound study, associations between that risk factor and a disease will be difficult to detect.
At best, these kinds of methodologically sound evaluation studies show the effect of a measure in a given situation.
There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating the internal consistency, measurement error, content validity, structural validity, hypotheses testing, cross-cultural validity or responsiveness of the HLQ.
There were no methodologically sound studies evaluating the internal consistency, measurement error, content validity, structural validity, hypotheses testing or cross-cultural validity of the WHI.
Progress was noted since 2008 in the increased number of studies and greater use of validated outcome measures but the review concluded further methodologically sound, adequately powered studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are needed to determine which interventions are effective to address the issue of excessive stress and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students.
Our plea here is for methodologically sound observational studies to raise the bar in the performance of clinical research.
