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In this methodological study using domestic fowl as our captive animal model we calculated distance traveled, angular dispersion (to measure tortuosity), and core areas.
Results from our methodological study using bioconjugation of streptavidin with quantum dots and attachment to daphnids via biotin ligands show that daphnids can be tracked in a 2-D plane in dark conditions.
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The most recent methodological strong study using a probability sample found that there were 1.4% lesbians and 3.2% gay men [ 13].
The two assessors independently evaluated the identified publications, classified the identified studies according to predetermined criteria, and reviewed the methodological quality of each study, using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) methodological scale [ 69].
Two reviewers (VA and AH) independently assessed the methodological quality of each study using the Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for reports of observational studies [23].
34 Both authors read all the articles and independently assessed the methodological quality of each study using this 24-item scale.
Two reviewers, who have not been involved in the conduct of any of the primary studies, will independently assess the internal validity and methodological quality of each study using the quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) [ 15, 16].
Two reviewers (AH and JJK) independently assessed the methodological quality of each study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool 12 as a guideline to cover the following aspects.
Methodological deficiencies of the study using the weak design included failure to adequately articulate research processes in terms of researcher relationships, ethical issues, rigorous analysis, supporting data and research value.
The authors assessed the methodological quality of every included study using an 8-item checklist tool for observational studies [ 18].
2 Some of the confusion may be resolved by reevaluating the cross-sectional study using a methodological tool called causal diagrams.
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