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Little is known, however, about whether perceived methodological shortcomings are associated with lower estimates of harms.
Due to the design of our study as a retrospective chart review, several methodological shortcomings are inherent.
In addition, studies that have attempted to describe and measure HIV/AIDS stigmatization contain certain methodological shortcomings, are generally atheoretical, and fail to cover all its conceptual dimensions [ 35, 56– 58].
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Overall, several methodological shortcomings were noted, including selection bias, research design, operational definitions, and measurement tools.
While we found that methodological shortcomings were often compounded by deficiencies in quality of reporting, it might sometimes be the case (but this can never be known) that methods were better than the reporting of them indicated.
Several methodological shortcomings were identified, of which spectrum bias, bias due to the use of an inadequate reference standard and verification bias may seriously have affected the results.
Studies were included in the meta-regression a) if DEE exposure was expressed as cumulative EC in the exposure response analyses, b) if an appropriate unexposed/low exposed reference group was used, and c) if no major methodological shortcomings were noted.
A methodological shortcoming is not to have investigated the interactive effect of psychological factors, demographic, and biomedical risk factors.
A methodological shortcoming is that the BT does not include detailed descriptions of the tests nor a definition of the criteria for classification of GJH.
A further potential methodological shortcoming was the significant χ 2 of the CFA models which might be interpreted as indicating insufficient fit of the model.
If, in fact, a true causal association between diet quality and depression exists but is being masked by methodological shortcomings, this is of great clinical and public health significance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com