Heterogeneity, which refers to variability among studies in a systematic review and generally derives from clinical, methodological or statistical diversity [ 8], was assessed by Chi-squared statistics and I-squared statistics [ 13].
Heterogeneity, which refers to variability among studies in a systematic review and generally derives from clinical, methodological or statistical diversity [ 35], was assessed by Chi-square statistics and I-square statistics [ 38].
This alone accounts for much of the decline in hunger numbers in the past 20 years.At the same time, there is a "real" reason for the lower estimates of hunger (ie, independent of methodological or statistical changes).
Previously detected discrepancies between mRNA and protein levels might reflect methodological or statistical issues (Li and Biggin 2015).
If substantial heterogeneity was identified - clinical, methodological, or statistical - we planned to explore and address heterogeneity in a subgroup analysis or meta-regression.
45 Where we detect substantial clinical, methodological or statistical heterogeneity across included studies we will not report pooled results from meta-analysis but will instead use a narrative approach to data synthesis.
