This difference between our study and others may be due to methodological or patient sample differences; however, further research in larger samples will be needed to better assess the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mindfulness facets.
To explain possible moderation of the variability of the overall effect sizes, we examined the relation between sample, methodological, or condition characteristics and magnitude of effect using a modified weighted least squares bivariate regression analyses with weights equivalent to the inverse of the variance for each effect size.
When performing a validation analysis of a population model, uncertainty should be addressed as discussed above in more detail to address the question to which extent methodological bias, sample size effects or other factors may cause uncertainty of the parameters used for model parameterisation (and consequently the model predictions) or validation.
Still, much of the science on laughter and healing has not been convincingly replicated, or suffers from methodological problems or small sample sizes.
This might reflect different hormone concentrations in urine versus blood, differences in assay sensitivity, or other methodological differences concerning sample collection.
Existing studies are varying with regard to methodological quality, sample size, study design and duration of follow-up [11, 16].
For methodological reasons (sample size and lack of statistical representativeness), it is difficult to take these dimensions into account in the qualitative survey.
The first challenge is conceptual and the second is methodological - sample selection bias.
The principal decision nodes conclude methodological quality, sample size and the effect of missing data.
Data extracted included the author, year, methodological approach, sample, location, quality assessment, measures, statistical analysis, and summary of main findings.
