Due to the large number and variety of papers and potential risk factors examined in this review, we were unable to score each study for methodological quality, contrast design features, or compare quantitative results.
The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient.
Methodological naturalism is contrasted with philosophical naturalism, a worldview not a scientific methodology that contends that matter and energy are all there is: there is no God, or gods, or supernatural entities of any kind.
In a contrasting methodological move, Hume suggests that intentional content through ideas is built up from the operation of the laws of association contiguity in time and space, resemblance and perceived causation working upon impressions and images in the mind (see Treatise 1.1.1.7, 4; 1.2.332, 319 2.1.11.8, 319; Enquiry 7.2.6, 74).
This study also provides a methodological advance since, in contrast to previous studies, it was conducted at the three different levels, namely at bench-scale, in-situ and at the river bankside via pump and treat.
By contrast, the methodological component is concerned with ways of investigating reality, and claims some kind of general authority for the scientific method.
Finally, it should be noted that Popper introduced a contrast between methodological individualism and "psychologism," viz., the view that "all laws of social life must be ultimately reducible to the psychological laws of 'human nature'"(1945, 89).
This methodological advance is in contrast to other methods that consider only identical annotations or are based on GO enrichment computations.
The reporting quality was quantitatively expressible using the STROBE checklist; in contrast, the methodological quality could not be quantified and was qualitatively estimated by two independent reviewers.
