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In contrast, the adjustment results in an underestimation of the lifetime risk of prostate cancer: the new method underestimates the risk by 0.3%.
We and others have demonstrated that the %IBW method underestimates the prevalence of nutritional failure in CF, but the underlying mechanism for this methodological flaw remains incompletely defined.
The results indicate that there is a significant similarity between the SOSM and MCS methods, while the FOSM method underestimates the results due to the non-consideration of the high-order terms in Taylor's series.
The model analysis suggests that the RAPID method underestimates the mean AMOC by ∼1.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) at ∼900 m depth, however it captures the variability to high accuracy.
Further, this method underestimates the capacity values when compared to empirical capacity values.
In the subsalt formations, Eaton's method underestimates the fracture gradient based on the measured data, but the proposed fracture gradient with a depth-dependent k 0 [Eq. (16)] has a better estimate on the fracture gradient.
Similar(35)
Regurgitant volume calculated with the 3D method underestimated the actual flow rate by 2.6%, whereas 2D and the M-mode method show greater underestimation (44.2% and 32.1%, respectively).
The ICPBC method underestimated the induced LLD by a mean difference ± standard deviation of 3.8 ± 10.3mm (p =.055) and the radiologic measure by 5.1 ± 8.6mm (p =.043).
A standard chi-square minimisation method underestimated the mean counts drawn from Poisson distribution.
For scans with activity added to the phantom's background, all three segmentation methods (40% fixed threshold, CT-based, and our IADT method) underestimated the activity in the inserts.
The DO method underestimated the population at detection probabilities less than 30% whereas the DS method remained essentially unbiased.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com