Thanks to this method, the liquid-side mass transfer coefficients kL were measured at the moment right after the bubble is detaching from the gas film near the cross-junction of the microreactor.
Although effective pH control was achieved using both liquid reagent additions and gas-mediated methods, the liquid manifold exhibited tighter control (± 0.03 pH units) of the desired pH than the gas manifold (± 0.10 pH units).
In physical solution-processed methods, the liquid precursor, in the form of a colloidal ink or a solution, is simply cast onto a substrate ideally forming a thin liquid film that is subsequently dried and possibly sintered to form a thin solid film.
Figure 5 shows that capacitance is greater, for a given calculation method, when the liquid has a higher permittivity, i.e. the capacitance of a water layer is greater than that of an oil layer.
Finally, by incorporating the two-phase mass flow correlation and the pressure loss correlation, a metering method for the liquid flow rate in a low GVF gas-liquid two-phase flow is developed.
Achatz's other method omits the liquid altogether and just uses a bed of herbs and aromatics.
The seed cultures, fermentation medium, extraction method, and the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) were performed as described for the 6-dEB extractions with the following modifications.
For the neutral-acid extraction method, the reaction liquid was directly extracted with an organic extractant, then the pH was adjusted to 2, and the reaction liquid was extracted again.
The phytochemical investigations of the extracts were carried out according to the standard methods and the liquid micro-dilution assay was used for all antibacterial assays.
Overall we can say that the enzymatic methods, especially the liquid ones, are performing much better than the Jaffe type assays.
