If X-Ray crystallography represents a very powerful tool for the resolution of protein-fragment costructures [9], the method requires high-quality crystals and highly soluble fragment molecules.
However, all these methods require high quality starting material, and DNA from many types of samples such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) products, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, or ancient remains is highly fragmented.
However, these methods require high quality control to ensure reliable results and variability and inconsistencies are known problems [35], [36].
Probabilistic methods exist for examining the types of selection, if any, on binding sites within closely related organisms - yeast species (20 million years of separation) and fly species (10 million years of separation) - however these methods require high quality alignments [ 32, 33] which are not easy to generate for the distantly related apicomplexans in our study.
More than 85% of the structures in the PDB (www.pdb.org) were determined by this method, which requires high quality protein crystals as diffraction targets.
The study of genes and their inter-relationships using methods such as network and pathway analysis requires high quality protein protein interaction information.
Therefore, this recycling method is not used for making products that require high quality standards.
Y2H screens require high quality libraries and are one of the most effective methods of identifying novel protein-protein interactions [ 21- 26].
This method is very straightforward but requires high-quality DNA as the template, and yields relatively high allele drop-out (ADO) and preferential amplification rates of 25% on average [ 34]; this is about five times higher than with fluorescent multiplex PCR.
Exploiting this opportunity requires high-quality experiments and the implementation of novel analytical methods based on statistical mechanics.
Gaining regulatory acceptance requires high-quality studies that prove that the alternative test methods will provide the same or better level of protection of workers and consumers as the methods they might replace.
