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While it is accepted by IQWiG that surrogate endpoints are especially important for early benefit assessment, it is also emphasized that there is no validation standard, i.e. no ideal evaluation method or criterion which would generally be accepted to support validity of surrogate endpoints (Section 3.1.2. IQWiG GM 4.0).
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Therefore, a quantitative description method or criteria for pedicles will help the preoperative plan, shorten the duration of operation and decrease the risks being caused by screw insertion.
Do standard methods or criteria exist to evaluate head and cranio-facial pain?
In the following paragraphs, we summarize our findings as regards questions n. 1, 3 and 5. 1) Do standard methods or criteria exist to evaluate head and cranio-facial pain? 3) What are the main types of cephalic and cranio-facial pains? 5) What is the evidence for using pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to treat cephalic and cranio-facial pain? .
Are we still unraveling cryptic taxonomic diversity or has the use of particular methods or criteria kindled taxonomic inflation?
We use partly common research methods and tools, like field and pot trials, chemical and biochemical analyses and partly new methods or criteria are developed, e.g. for food quality assessment (protein analysis with wheat, durability of potatoes).
In order to identify genetic variants with small effects, large sample sizes are required, which are usually obtained by pooling different samples and populations, potentially with different phenotyping methods or criteria.
Although the variables used in our developed model are frequently assessed in preoperative examinations, our proposed model is very flexible as it can incorporate new diagnostic methods or criteria.
(2a) Paragraph 2 shall not limit the parties' freedom to agree on any specific methods or criteria for calculating the amount of payment to be made for the rights subject to the country of origin principle such as those based on the broadcasting organisation's revenues generated by the online service.
Regardless of rooting method or optimality criterion used, clades with a ≥ 80% bootstrap value were maintained across all analyses.
Finally, the stability can be tested by the root-locus method or the Routh criterion [15].
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