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How the alternative pathway is activated is still a matter of speculation: one method would be the formation and stabilization of surface-bound C3b-IgG fragments on the acellular cartilage surface, leading to formation of the C3 and C5 convertase.
By the end of the 17th century, as the scientific method of empirical observation replaced speculation, the work had been superseded.
At the most fundamental level, most of clinical medicine is different degrees of speculation tested using statistical methods to assess the probability of truth.
It was the culmination of months of public speculation on the method of closure that would be employed to write Jimmy Smits's critically acclaimed Bobby Simone character out of the regular cast and clear the way for Smits' replacement, Rick Schroder.
Unfortunately, this simple, readily-accessible method is currently outlawed internationally by ethics committees: not because of contrary evidence, but because of speculation combined with a lack of critical analysis of available literature, and a dearth of empirical research.
The role of the surfactant micelle in nanoparticle synthesis has previously been a subject of speculation, but it appears to be sensitive to the unique chemical conditions of each synthesis method.
Atoning for the sin of speculation.
There's a lot of speculation.
These are not objects of speculation.
Pakistan's newspapers are full of speculation.
It set off a frenzy of speculation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com