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At issue is the method of reprogramming a human cell's nucleus to turn it back into the fertilized egg from which it came.
In the last year, scientists have been experimenting with a new method of reprogramming, which skips the egg altogether and instead uses several genetic factors to directly modify DNA.
Pluripotent pioneer: University of Wisconsin biologist James Thomson cofounded Cellular Dynamics International in 2007 after developing a method of reprogramming ordinary human cells to create induced pluripotent stem cells, which can give rise to any cell type.
It concludes that the so-called stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) stem cells, as well as the chimeric mice and teratomas supposedly derived from those cells, "all originated in cultures contaminated with (embryonic stem) cells, a fact that refutes all of the main conclusions of the two papers" that reported the the supposed breakthrough method of reprogramming adult cells.
Our data provide an alternative method of reprogramming without introduction of genetic materials or exogenous factors into somatic cells.
Finally we note that it is possible that the role of reprogramming factors may differ depending on the method of reprogramming, be it SCNT, cell fusion or over-expression of a subset of genetic factors.
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Although methods of reprogramming human somatic cells using non-viral DNA vectors have been reported [8], [9], the risk of genomic disruption may limit the therapeutic potential of these techniques.
More sophisticated, safer, and more rapid methods of reprogramming might be desirable.
These inducible vector systems have been used to generate "secondary" methods of reprogramming which do not use direct delivery of reprogramming factors to cells.
In our experience, the majority of cardiomyocytes produced using viral-based methods of reprogramming (approximately 65%) exhibit a ventricular-like AP profile.
It can be seen from the vast number of groups working on chemicals and small molecules that there is a strong belief that these methods of reprogramming can efficiently produce genuine, stable iPS cells free of integration and mutation.
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