In the direct, or American, method of manufacture, zinc ores (or residues) are heated in air with coke or anthracite, and the resulting zinc vapour is subjected to controlled oxidation.
Concentration refers to the methods of producing ore fractions richer in iron and lower in silica than the original material.
By end of the 12th century, the older method of acquiring iron ore through strip mining was being supplemented by more advanced techniques, including tunnels, trenches and bell-pits.
This paper introduces a new nonlinear and adaptive method to the problem of ore grade estimation, which is based on the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) approach, and is designed to receive drill hole information from an orebody and perform ore grade estimation on a block model basis.
This chapter discusses the mineralogy of gold, textures of gold in gold ores, the main characteristics of some ore types, methods of characterizing gold ores with respect to processing, methods of processing gold ores, and examples of characterizing tailings from gold operations.
Two hypothetical examples are used to illustrate application of the methods for: flow and separation of ore components employing a digital discrete element method; and the assembly of new products from materials pieces and chards to create a new functional entity.
From the 1540s, when a new method of extracting silver from ore with the use of mercury was discovered, silver mining became a major industry in both Mexico and Peru, and silver shipments in rapidly increasing quantities soon surpassed the earlier gold shipments in value.
Replacing the lost copper with new metal produced by the traditional method of cooking copper sulfide ores requires a multistep process to extract the copper and produces troublesome byproducts.
Instead, the mining of pollucite ore is the main method of obtaining pure caesium, extracted from the ore mainly by three methods: acid digestion, alkaline decomposition, and direct reduction.
