The weak influence of wild-type β2AR on internalization of β2AR D113S-Rluc8 prompted us repeat the same basic experiment using a more conventional method of detecting internalization.
First, we interrogate and justify the relevance of bead endocytosis as a method of cellular internalization of 1-μm probes in FLTM.
This review highlights the various potential MD approaches for the simulation of CNT interactions with cell membranes while emphasizing various methods of cellular internalization and toxicities of CNTs to build new strategies for designing rational CNT-based targetedrugug delivery to circumvent the limitations associated with the various clinically available nonspecific therapeutic agents.
In this study, we developed a simple method to decouple the processes of internalization and phagosomal maturation via three separate measurements, which allowed for a distinction between the time-courses for internalization and acidification, and significantly, provided distinct measurements and thereby comparison of the rates of phagosome acidification and phagosomal-endosomal/lysosomal fusion.
However, the method described here relies on independently measuring internalization and phagosomal acidification of internalized particles under identical experimental conditions; thus the process of internalization can be easily separated from phagosome acidification allowing for a more accurate measure of phagosome acidification rates.
Taken together, our novel method of characterization of cellular uptake and internalization by bladder cancer cells could become invaluable for understanding the role of exosomes on bladder cancer recurrence and progression.
The method described here for selective photothermal ablation of cancer cells without the need of internalization by the cells has the advantage of being more easily extended to other types of cancer cells over agents that need internalization, as cellular internalization is not always achievable with all cancer types.
Internalized bacteria can evade disinfection, thus detailed study on the mechanism of internalization as well as on plant and environmental factors affecting internalization is needed to devise remediation methods ensuring safety of the fresh produces (Ge et al. 2013).
Using this method, we observed internalization of PLP from the plasma membrane and its further colocalization with GFP-MAL2, suggesting transcytosis of PLP also in our system.
