This work in animal models and human trials has demonstrated the ability to deliver genes by non-viral and viral gene transfer vectors to the airway epithelia by methods of inhalation, spray or bronchoscopic delivery.
The host range of P. brasiliensis, method of exposure (inhalation), and propensity for multisystemic invasion makes this fungi an unlikely causative agent of the disease in the 2 stranded T. truncatus dolphins.
They compared the impact of two different methods of anaesthesia (inhalation and TIVA) to CI and SVR during the lumbar spinal surgery and found the significant reduction of CI by 25.9% in TIVA group and by 12.9% in inhalation group and the increase in SVR on turning the patients prone [ 7].
RfC Reference Concentration (μg/m) The inhalation R fC is calculated by the EPA with the Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation Reference Doses [ 15] and according to the Methods for Derivation of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Dosimetry [ 27].
This transition was codified by US EPA with its publication of methods for development of inhalation RfCs (US EPA, 1994, with an update 2012g); a text on both RfDs and RfCs followed (US EPA, 2002a).
Using a novel method of polarized gas inhalation, which can identify the dynamic change in structures as small as alveoli and alveolar ducts, it was shown that increasing lung volume with PEEP actually decreased alveolar size, while increasing alveolar number [44].
The preferred method of administration is inhalation for two reasons: first, it vasodilates ventilated areas of lung; and second, no PAH rebound on finishing treatment has been described.
Percutaneous inoculation is presumably the main method of infection, although inhalation and insect and mammal bites and scratches, especially from armadillos and cats, have been implicated (3, 4 ).
To focus the analysis on the kinetics of particle clearance from the lungs unaffected by external contamination, we avoided pelt contamination and particle deposition in extrathoracic airways by using our previously developed method of intratracheal intubation inhalation.
The use of in vitro methods in the field of inhalation toxicology exhibits some special features especially concerning technical equipment and exposure procedures.
