A review of methods for debris-flow hazard assessment, including those by Dai and Lee (2002), Lin et al. (2002), Ayalew et al. (2004), Lee and Pradhan (2007), Blahut et al. (2010), Yune et al. (2010), and Lee et al. (2012), permits a comparative analysis of the influential attributes and hazard assessment methods of debris flows.
Farmers burn because they consider it the most labor-efficient method of clearing debris and they believe that it increases crop yields (Büttner and Hauser 2003).
According to the KEC method, zonation of debris-flow hazard is evaluated through two indices: susceptibility value and vulnerability value.
Ablation by high-energy pulsed laser provides recoil impulse that results in the de-orbiting and atmospheric re-entry of space debris, which may be the best method of clearing space debris in the size range of 1 10 cm.
A fast simulation method for debris cloud is developed at last, which is able to get detailed characteristic data of debris in short time.
As a precautionary measure, the KEC method assesses the hazard of debris flows at a regional scale using a limited number of datasets.
Specifically, the influence of rain gauge network density and the interpolation method on the estimation of debris flow triggering rainfall is investigated.
In order to sufficiently manage and protect expressway sections and facilities that are exposed to debris-flow occurrences, a method to assess the hazard of debris flows during certain rainfall events at a regional scale is needed.
The proposed probabilistic model provides an effective method for predicting the variation of debris trajectories in a three-dimensional (3D) space, which is imperative when performing regional building envelope impact risk assessments in which a large amount of debris sources and targets must be considered in the simulation.
Scheidl and Rickenmann (2010) proposed a new method to predict the run-out of debris flows which was determined with a data base of documented sediment-transporting events in torrent catchments of Austria, Switzerland and northern Italy.
