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Finally, this approach is commonly used in studies of relative brain size (e.g. [ 14, 19]) and as a method for normalising data for variation in body size in a range of traits (e.g. metabolic rate [ 42], testes size [ 43, 44]).
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Quantification was assessed by the comparative Δ CT method normalising CT values to β-actin.
Quantification was performed by the comparative Δ CT method normalising CT values to β-actin.
Calculations were performed using the Δcycle threshold (ΔCt) method, normalising the average Ct value of each treatment compared with its endogenous control (GAPDH) and then calculating the 2 ΔCt for each treatment.
Location normalisation methods like LoWeSS are used to (non-linearly) normalise log ratios within an array, additional methods for normalisation of scale are used to compare log-ratios across multiple arrays.
The relative expression of the gene of interest in each sample was calculated by the Rotor-Gene software using the concentration-Ct-standard curve method and normalised using the average expression of Gapdh for each sample.
Expression values were calculated using the 2-ΔΔct method and normalised to the reference genes GPM1 and TDH3.
The relative quantification was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and normalised to the control group.
For quantification of gene expression we applied the comparative Ct method, which was normalised by applying a geometric mean of 3 endogenous housekeeping genes (18 s rRNA, β actin and cyclophillin) [ 57].
Results were analysed with the delta-delta method normalised to two housekeeping genes (Ppia and Rpl13a or UBC and TBP for mouse and human samples, respectively) and compared with a comparator sample (nonclonogenic luminal (NCL) cells).
RNA expression was calculated using the comparative Ct method normalised to GAPDH.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com