These are low exhaustion, poor color fastness properties, standardized method for dye extraction, complexity of dyeing process, reproducible results and blending problems (Lee 2007; Umbreen et al. 2008; Sachan and Kapoor 2007).
Mesoporous carbon nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile impregnation carbonization method for dye and heavy metal adsorption [22], and other carbon derivatives (carbon nanotubes and graphene) for heavy metal removal [23, 24].
Traditional biological treatment for triphenylmethane dye effluent is stuck with the inaccessibility of dye molecules to intracellular dye-degrading enzyme, thus a high-efficiency and low-cost method for dye decolorization is highly desirable.
The introduction of reactive dyeing not only provided a technique to overcome inadequacies of the traditional methods for dyeing cotton but also vastly increased the array of colours and dye types that could be used for cotton, since almost any chromogen can be converted to a reactive dye.
Various cultures around the world have traditions focused on giving dyed or decorated eggs, with some countries having very distinctive methods for dyeing eggs.[5] It can be a fun thing to do with kids to look up the different styles of egg decorations from around the world; ask them which ones they'd like to try and decorate on their eggs.
The electronic and optical properties of the donor modified sensitizers were investigated by DFT and TD-DFT methods for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application.
Adsorption technology is one of the most effective methods for dye and toxic removal due to its low cost, high efficiency, simplicity, and insensitivity to toxic substances [6, 7].
Several physico-chemical and biological methods for dye removal from wastewater have been investigated [6, 7, 8, 9] and seem that each technique faces the facts of technical and economical limitations [8].
Traditional methods for dye removal include biological treatment [1], coagulation [2], filtration [3] and adsorption [4]; however, because of high dye concentrations and the increased stability of synthetic dyes, these methods are becoming less effective for the treatment of colored industry effluents [5, 6].
There are several methods for dye removal such as biological treatment [4, 5, 6] coagulation/flocculation [4, 7], chemical oxidation and photocatalytic processes [8, 9] ozone treatment [10], membrane processes [11, 12, 13, 14], adsorption [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20] and liquid-liquid extraction [21, 22, 23, 24, 25].
Even though many methods were explored to address this environmental and economic concern, there are advantages and disadvantages in each and every method used for dye removal from wastewaters[5].
