Instead, most phylogenetic methods assume that a phylogeny is unrooted, thereby assuming every lineage evolves at an independent rate (e.g., maximum parsimony, most implementations of maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining) or that all lineages evolve at the same rate (e.g., UPGMA and methods enforcing a molecular clock) [ 31].
For example, the belief propagation (BP) method enforces sequence similarity as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a pair of genes to be aligned, which means that any human gene with no sequence similarity to yeast genes will not be aligned, resulting in genes being artificially classified as human-specific.
Without using a completed broadcast method, CCVN enforces a simple counter-based approach coupled with deferred transmission timers and interest retransmission routines.
The LF model is a maximum likelihood strict molecular clock method that enforces a constant substitution rate over the entire tree.
The method enforces robust stability by introducing lower bounds on the parametric distance of the operating point to critical boundaries in the space of process and controller parameters.
This objective function is optimized using a well recognized true least square method called Lagrange multiplier method enforcing CS and MCS based fractional derivative constraints and perfect reconstruction condition of two-channel QMF bank as a constraint.
By 1558 the lawyers had succeeded in creating another method, enforced by the Court of King's Bench, through the action of assumpsit, which was technically for deceit.
"We oppose sanctioning states since there is not yet a proven effective method for enforcing a texting or cellphone ban," an association spokesman, Jonathan Adkins, said.
We introduced one important departure from Lee & Hugall's (2003) method: they enforced a single model across all partitions.
However, if the system was perceived as a method of enforcing a prescribing decision, the GPs were more likely to view it negatively and did not wish to use it during their consultations.
