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The second method constrains the derivatives of the model to fit to the derivatives of a prior model previously estimated on the simulation data.
The first proposed method constrains the function to fit to the values given by the simulator with a certain accuracy, allowing to take the bias of the simulator into account.
This method constrains the particulate air pollution mortality concentration-response function to be biologically plausible--that is, a non-decreasing function of the particulate air pollution concentration.
As discussed in Section 1 our method constrains the image formation problem and reduces the number of unknowns when compared to a traditional pixel-based approach.
This method constrains the magnitude of the model parameters (and shrinks some parameters to zero, thereby eliminating them) to prevent problems commonly associated with the overfitting of models.
Their method constrains the trees on either side of each breakpoint to differ by a single recombinant node, whereas our MDL criterion does not restrict the neighboring fragment topologies in any way.
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Results also show that when quantifying regional-scale river aquifer exchange flux, the river chemistry method constrained the flux (5.20 10.39 m2 d−1) better than the river temperature method (−100 to 100 m2 d−100
A few examples of inverse modelling have been published [ 4 8], but these methods have relied on either rescaling the results of Monte Carlo simulations or building databases of simulation results, both methods constraining the evaluation space in terms of optical properties and geometrical complexity.
In addition, L X = 0 is imposed to fill the last degree of freedom in the minimum variance method (this method constrains five components out of the total six components of L and M), and the average V N is assumed to be zero for the primary ring ions (Yamauchi et al., 2011).
We showed that our algorithm can identify the optimal length of the sensing window length through numerical method constrained by the target PD and PFA and then significantly prolong the transmission window when the duration of the CR-UWB's access to the overlapped spectrum is fixed.
We used two different methods to control for multiple testing issues: (1) the highly conservative Bonferroni correction method, to constrain the study-wise significance level; and (2) an empirical false discovery rate (FDR) method, which constrains the overall rate of false positive events.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com