Total nitrogen will be determined using the Kjeldahl method [ 75]; fat by the Roese-Gottlib method; ash and moisture by Forced Air Oven: and, energy, carbohydrate and lactose concentrations will be calculated [ 78].
Proximate analysis of the durum wheat (protein, fat, dietary fiber by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists method, ash, and moisture) was performed by Premier Analytic Services, and additional direct measurements of available carbohydrate (starch and sugar) contents were performed with the use of a modified Megazyme kit (Megazyme International) method (18).
To establish their structural features, interconversions, and relative stability, all solid-state forms were characterized with thermal, spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic methods, and moisture-sorption analysis.
Drainage and soil water storage were measured with the chloride mass balance method and neutron moisture meter, respectively, during the 2002 03, 2004 05, 2006 07 and 2008 09 cotton seasons in an on-going experiment in a Vertisol in NW NSW.
Moreover, the thermodynamic calculation method of heat and moisture transfer is presented, and the method is intended for use in annual performances prediction or design tools for tailrace tunnel ventilating system in hydropower station.
The advantages of this membrane system can reduce the final processing gas volume to one tenth of conventional method and also remove moisture directly as condensed water.
Drying of raw biomass prior to combustion or gasification can increase power production efficiency between 3 and 5%, depending on the drying method and the initial moisture content of the biomass (McIlveen-Wright et al., 2001; Spets & Ahtila, 2002).
The nutritional parameters were analytically measured (fibres: AOAC 985-29; total starch: enzymatic method as described in the French standard V18-121; fandand moisture: methods described in the French Decree of 08/09/1977; proteins: Kjeldahl method).
The moving boundary problem was solved by an explicit finite difference method using experimental time and moisture data of an experiment carried out at 90°C by identification on the model describing the heat and mass transfer.
There was no significant impact of edible film type or drying method on water activity and moisture content of bread crust samples.
