Protein content was measured using a standard BCA Assay (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and lysates were treated according to manufacturer's instructions, with slight method alteration in the detergent removal step.
Although the main oscillatory behaviors are detectable using these methods, alterations in gene expression such as changes of amplitudes and phase-shifts were not observed, especially because the altered light conditions were applied only for a short period of time.
An objective and automated method for assessing alterations in gait and motor coordination in different animal models is important for proper gait analysis.
Similarly, a single unit showing no change in waveform or firing rate would result in near-zero values and so the subtractive method highlights only alterations in well-separated units' firing patterns or waveform.
The SPECT imaging method reflected the alterations in cardiac anatomy as well as the enlargement of the right ventricles in cardiomyopathic hearts found also by means of MR imaging (Fig. 9).
On the other hand, with emerging knowledge about the functional significance of hippocampal neurogenesis in pattern separation of learning and memory formation, neurogenesis-dependent cognitive tasks (e.g., visual pattern separation task [ 48]) would be an alternate method for studying alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis in clinical studies.
Recent studies have reported DTI as a useful method for detecting alterations in tissue organisation of injured striated skeletal muscles compared with normal muscles [ 9, 10], which can be expressed in basic DTI parameters (i.e. eigen values, mean diffusivity [MD] and fractional anisotropy [FA]).
However, consumers' demands are not always fulfilled by these preservation methods due to alterations in the product's overall appearance.
Participants at this meeting identified and examined methods to detect alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and catabolism.
A number of methods can evaluate alterations in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions in laboratory animals exposed to toxicants during nervous system development.
