(1) Currently, steam reforming of methanol is receiving much attention in the context of methanol-based energy-storage systems.[ 2] Methanol is considered as a promising candidate for hydrogen storage to utilize regenerative excess energies.
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BuA), acrylic acid (AA), itaconic acid (Ita), ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and methanol were purchased from Merck Co. NaSS were received from Sigma-Aldrich Co. AA and Ita were neutralized by equivalent amount of NaOH solution to prepare NaAA and Na2ita, respectively.
Methanol, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, acetone, p-toluene sulphonic acid, acetic acid, petroleum ether (40 60 °C) and acetonitrile were received from Avantor Performance Materials India Ltd. (New Delhi, India).
Strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3 2, 99.9 %), dysprosium (III) nitrate pentahydrade (Dy(NO3 3·5H2O, 99.99 %), from Sigma-Aldrich, ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride NH4F and calcium chloride, CaCl2 from Merck, and methanol were used as received without further purification.
Both ethanol and methanol were used as received.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are effective electrochemical devices that have been receiving considerable attention due to their ease of handling and operation for portable applications.
1,4-Dioxane, diethyl ether, hexane, and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific and used as received.
Commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) catalyst, KOH, and methanol were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.
APS ((NH4 2S2O8), FeCl3·6H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, ammonia (NH3-H2O), sodium hydroxide and methanol were purchased from Merck & Co., Inc. (Bengaluru, India) and were used as received without any purification.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) received much attention during the last decade because methanol is an inexpensive, readily available, and easily stored and transported liquid fuel [6].
