Blood glucose was determined using the One Touch Ultra® blood glucose meter (Lifescan) at baseline and on day four post STZ injection for each individual mouse.
Weight and height were measured, and BMI, calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of the height (in meters) was defined at baseline.
Weight in kilograms was measured annually with a standard balance beam scale, and height in meters measured twice at baseline with a Harpenden stadiometer (Holtain Ltd ,Crosswell, UK).
Assessments included self-reported outcomes (HOOS/KOOS) and measures of physical function (chair stands, number of knee bends/30 sec, knee extensor strength, 20-meter walk test) at baseline and at follow-up before TJR.
Other potential confounders examined included, body mass index, which was computed for each 2-year time interval using the most recent weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared), as reported at baseline.
During the 5-meter walk, PETCO2 was lower at baseline, at nadir, and at the end of the walk in the fear of falling group than in controls (p <.01).
One subject did not undergo NOVA meter (Nova Technologies, Irvine, TX) recording at baseline, and subsequent data points were not used for comparison.
Blood samples were obtained for determination of glucose, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, and growth hormone at baseline, when the meter glucose was between 95 and 110 mg/dl (in duplicate) and then <90, <80, <70, and <60 mg/dl.
Demographic data, including age, gender, ethnicity, and BMI (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) were recorded for each individual patient at baseline in the cross-sectional study.
