Sentence examples for metallic particles such from inspiring English sources

We speculate that such oxygen reduction is catalyzed by metallic particles such as Ag and Pt.

Numerous studies related to metallic particles such as gold and silver nanoparticles have been discussed in different sections of this review in terms of their application and toxicity [18, 23 31].

A recent technique to improve the thermal conductivity of these fluids is to suspend nano-sized metallic particles such as aluminum, titanium, gold, copper, iron or their oxides in the fluid to enhance its thermal properties, Choi [1].

For example, metallic particles, such as iron or nickel with a diameter of 10 20 nm, can be produced by controlling the atmospheric gas pressure in the gas evaporation method.

Moreover, metallic particles such as AuNPs are well-established to be biologically inert and easily amendable to functional modification, allowing for the conjugation of biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins and oligonucleotides [49].

The aim of this article is to study the increase of heat transfer taking into account both the variation of thermal conductivity and viscosity in the governing equations when using nanofluids for different types of metallic particles such as Al2O3, TiO2 and Cu.

In the last several years, an innovative technique for improving the heat transfer characteristics by adding ultra fine metallic particles in common fluids such as water and oil has been investigated.

In addition, the prepared Ag-doped coatings demonstrated active oxidation protection and self-healing functionality due to the segregation of Ag metallic particles in damage areas such as cracks, pin-holes, or oxidation sites.

Adding small particles such as metallic or metal oxide particles with high conductivity in micro and nano sizes to the heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and oils is an effective method for heat transfer enhancement [1, 2, 3].

Various metallic particles have been prepared using this technique such as Au, Ag, and PbS [22].

Furthermore, we have confirmed that the metal-assisted etching of the Ge surfaces in water mediated by dissolved oxygen occurs not only with metallic particles but also with metallic thin films such as Pt-Pd [20] and Pt [21].