Sentence examples for metal nanostructures such from inspiring English sources

Thermal treatment of metal nanostructures such as Pt and Au may also lead to bimetallic nanostructures[15].

This efficiency (ηc) can be optimized via the modulation of the parameters of metal nanostructures, such as the size, shape, density, and the distance between metal nanostructures [22].

Metal nanostructures can be of two types: planar metal films and non-planar metal nanostructures such as nanoparticle arrays and thin semicontinuous metal films consisting of disorder-shaped nanostructures.

In order to achieve spontaneous (electroless) and selective deposition at those patterns, conditions of the solution were optimized and the formation of metal nanostructures, such as Cu nanodot arrays and wires, has been achieved.

Although an enhancement in the PEC water splitting efficiency was also observed on BiVO4 electrodes with plasmonic metal nanostructures, such as Au and Ag [31 33], there are no reports that the photoactivity of BiVO4 can be improved in the spectral region with energy below the band gap or even in the NIR region by exploiting plasmonic metal nanostructures.

Noble plasmonic metal nanostructures, such as gold (Au), silver (Ag) [18, 19], aluminum (Al) [20], their alloys [16], and their core shell formation [21, 22, 23, 24, 25], have been incorporated into DSSCs to effectively utilize the incident photon and improve cell performance.

Due to their photoluminescence, metal oxide nanostructures such as ZnO nanostructures are promising candidates in biomedical imaging, drug delivery and bio-sensing.

Metal phthalocyanine nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanoflowers, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoribbons [3-6] have shown the remarkable approaches and the emergence of versatile fabrication.

In the past decade, a number of methods including laser ablation [6, 7], thermal oxidation [8, 9], solution-phase growth [10], and template-assisted synthesis [11] have been employed to fabricate various one-dimensional metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoribbons [12].

In recent years, one-dimensional [1D] metal-oxide semiconductor nanostructures, such as whiskers and nanowires, have attracted increasing interest due to their unique properties and variety of potential applications [1 3].

As well known, on the contrary to those elemental nanoparticles, metal nanostructures with complicated geometries, such as nanochains and branched nanowires assembled or fused by the elemental nanoparticles, show enhanced light-trapping ability [8 24].