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Most troublingly, damage from debris generated by metal implants is proving far more insidious than that caused by plastic particles.
Hydroxyapatite coating on metal implants is an effective method to enhance bioactive properties of the metal surface.
Development of biodegradable metal implants is a complex problem because it combines engineering and medical requirements for a material.
Use of magnesium for resorbable metal implants is a new concept in orthopaedic and dental medicine.
Several investigators have argued that, in the evolution of total ankle arthroplasty, some obligatory reoperation without removal of the metal implants is anticipated; examples of reoperation include relief of osseous or soft-tissue impingement, improvement of alignment or stability of the foot and ankle, bone-grafting for cystic lesions, and/or polyethylene exchange.
Since an additional requirement of metal implants is the corrosion resistance in body fluids for long periods, the electrochemical in vitro response of anodized zirconium was systematically studied to determine the effect of the surface modification process on the corrosion resistance of this metal (Thomsen and Gretzer 2001; Lee et al. 2004).
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Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections.
Porous metal implants are available for over 30 years, but the pore architecture, is constantly changing to improve the stability and longevity of the implant.
Strategies to reduce radiation burden and artefact from metal implants are outlined.
The common tools for assessing absorbable metal implants are radiography, ultrasonography, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and its advanced synchrotron version (SRμCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood evaluation, and histological and implant retrieval analysis (Paramitha et al. 2017).
Because artefacts related to metal implants are in general less pronounced on MRI scans, a combined interpretation of PET/CT and MRI helps to avoid false-negative readings and/or inaccurate tumour assessment (Fig. 18).
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