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All chemicals were trace metal grade (Suprapur).
All reagents used were ACS reagent or trace metal grade.
Nitric acid was of trace metal grade and was purchased from Thermo-Fisher, USA.
Batch reactors were typically titrated first to an acidic initial pH (~2 4.5) using trace metal grade HNO3.
Potassium persulfate, copper sulfate, copper acetate, nitric acid (trace metal grade) were from Fisher Scientific (Pennsylvania, PA, USA).
The "whole" sample was acidified drop-wise with 12 M HCl (trace metal grade, Fisher Scientific) to pH < 2.
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Trace-metal grade acids were used for pH adjustments and acid-cleaning of containers.
Sub-samples were acidified using concentrated trace-metal grade nitric acid (1.0% (v/v) final concentration) for cation analyses.
All hydrochloric acid solutions were prepared from dilution of trace-metal grade concentrated acid (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA).
Trace-metal grade nitric acid (HNO3) was used for fusion dissolution and as the background solvent for ICP-MS analysis (BDH ARISTAR® Plus, VWR; assay 69 wt%; Lot # 1113050).
In order to diminish the chloride concentration prior to determining arsenic concentrations by ICPMS, samples were repeatedly dissolved in 1 to 2 ml of trace-metal grade concentrated nitric acid and evaporated to dryness.
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