Metal- and development-associated genes identified.
Biological pathways that were enriched among the metal- and development-associated genes were algorithmically constructed.
The metal- and development-associated genes were highly enriched for 22 canonical pathways, many of which were common to multiple metals.
Notably, this indicates that genes associated with these four metal- and development-associated genes commonly mapped to the GR signaling pathway.
Other pathways of interest were identified as being related to the metal- and development-associated genes, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway identified for Cr and phenytoin.
To further establish environmental exposure mediated network interactions, we performed a subsequent analysis using a combined list of all the metal- and development-associated genes together (n = 855 genes).
The resultant numbers of genes that were identified as both metal- and development-associated ranged from 76 for Cr to 604 for iAs [see Supplemental Material, Tables S3 and S5 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205659)].
In IPA, metal-associated genes were mapped to their global molecular networks, and networks integrating proteins encoded by the metal- and development-associated genes were algorithmically generated based on their connectivity.
In the present study we set out to test the hypothesis that biological pathways that mediate metal-induced birth defects could be revealed by identifying common signaling pathways that integrate both metal- and development-associated genes.
New York-based JPMorgan has hired more than a dozen new bankers in Asia recently to oversee its expansion in areas such as energy and metals trading and development of related products for coal, natural gas, freight and emissions in the region.
This study was designed to evaluate metal ion release and development of metal allergy in a clinical trial with 5-year follow-up.
