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In his ruling, Judge Leon expressly rejected the government's claim that the 1979 supreme court case, Smith v Maryland, which the NSA and the Obama administration often cite to argue that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy over metadata, applies in the NSA's bulk-metadata collection.
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What's more, it's done without a warrant because of a legal precedent that goes back to the era of analogue telephony – specifically a US supreme court judgment in 1979, which decided that metadata were the property of the telephone company, not of the individual to whose calls the metadata applied.
Further, the QoS management enforced by MPEG-21 DIA metadata is applied into IMS service architecture.
A place where machine-readable metadata is applied, allowing the web and the services that live upon it to understand the content and the links between the people, places, and things that fill its servers.
The process is a little clunky at the moment, with a requirement that you run a Python script to ensure the correct metadata is applied to your video file to get YouTube to recognize the upload as a 360-degree clip, but YouTube says it's working on automating that part of the process so that likely won't apply for long.
This paper introduces database lexicography, a metadata analysis discipline that applies lexical graph theory to data design.
An individual submission is a container of metadata, experimental protocols applied and resulting data from a particular assay testing a number of experimental conditions and factors such as growth conditions, temperature, antibody and/or strains.
Having all the information about learners and learning resources (metadata and reputation metadata), collaborative filtering was applied to recommend personalized learning resources.
The unanimous decision overturned lower courts' rulings and is one of the first decisions by a state appellate court on whether a public records law applies to so-called "metadata," or data about data.
Bookboard's secret sauce comes from its librarian Cen Campbell, who defines and applies library organization guidelines to the collection, including classifications, metadata, and reading level assessment.
Its lawyers have long relied on a 34-year-old precedent to argue that the Fourth-Amendment protection against unreasonable searches does not apply to metadata.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com