Creatinine is metabolized from creatine, which is released by the muscles, therefore muscle mass and metabolic transformation of creatine have an impact on serum creatinine concentration [ 1].
Noradrenaline is synthesized in the body from dopamine, which in turn is metabolized from L-dopa.
All animals rely on glucose, which is metabolized from carbohydrates in the food, as a primary source of fuel for the body's tissues.
Cr is metabolized from creatine, which is released at a relative constant rate from muscles.
The ions that were grouped (Figure 6, panel A) as originating from an unknown source were later identified as Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol), an isoflavandiol metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone, by bacterial flora in the intestines [9] (Figure 6, panel B). Figure 6 (A) An ion group created from an EI-GC/MS analysis of urine that when created was an unknown.
Although this compound is quickly metabolized from the body and is known to be non-persistent in the environment, exposure to the levels detected (0.092 mg/kg) in this study over a long period could result in adverse health effects to both humans and honey bees.
Equol and O-DMA can be metabolized from daidzein in the gut by several bacterium strains, such as Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, Eggerthella sp. YY7918, Lactococcus garvieae, Slackia equolifaciens, Slackia isoflavoniconvertens, Slackia sp. NATTS (Braune and Blaut, 2018; Guadamuro et al., 2017; Matthies et al., 2012; Frankenfeld et al., 2014).
Apart from ovarian production, estrogens are metabolized from androgens in adipose tissue [ 40].
MSM is even naturally present in the human body as it is metabolized from ingested DMSO.
However, phenylpyruvate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate are also metabolized from phenylalanine and tyrosine, respectively, by L-amino oxidase.
