In tumours, specifically the high degree of reliance on glucose as the metabolic substrate and the so-called Warburg effect provide a basis for metabolism imaging.
Epigenetic profiling identifies the cellular metabolic substrate of innate immune memory.
This is required to provide sufficient metabolic substrate for viability and normal function throughout the experimental period.
Oxygen is an important component of the cellular microenvironment, serving as both metabolic substrate and signaling molecule.
The immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus (Tac) used for the prevention of immunological rejection is a metabolic substrate of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Because glucose is the primary metabolic substrate of macrophages, immune reaction requires glucose import, primarily through the glucose transporter (Glut) [24].
Whereas considerable data exist for granivorous species, few data are available for plasma metabolic substrate and glucoregulatory hormone concentrations for carnivorous birds and alligators.
Brain imaging techniques allow the in vivo evaluation of the human brain, leading to a better understanding of its anatomical, functional and metabolic substrate.
It seems that the amount of metabolic substrate plays a more important role in breaking down the balance among the bacterial production and utilization, and ruminal absorption of the acids.
System delivery also included evaluations of indirect calorimetry via the respiratory exchange rate (RER), which is the ratio between delivered CO2 and consumed O2, and provided information on the metabolic substrate used [27],[27].
Pellerin and Magistretti [18] hypothesized that Lac, and not glucose, was the main metabolic substrate for activated neurons, as part of the so-called astrocyte-neuron Lac shuttle (ANLS).
