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The differences in nutrition seemed to influence survival not through a direct impact on the pathogen, but rather by changing the ability of the mice's own tissue to withstand the metabolic stress that came with illnesses, said Janelle Ayres, an immunomicrobiologist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., who was not involved in the study.
"There are always going to be exceptions". The differences in nutrition seemed to influence survival not through a direct impact on the pathogen, but rather by changing the ability of the mice's own tissue to withstand the metabolic stress that came with illnesses, said Janelle Ayres, an immunomicrobiologist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., who was not involved in the study.
Interestingly, when differentiated SK-N-SH cells were treated with 2DG for 20 h to induce similar metabolic stress that occurs during torpor, tau phosphorylation is significantly increased.
Chemotherapeutic agents induce cellular and metabolic stress that leads to pro-survival autophagy, as exemplified by increased autophagy in ovarian cancer cells treated with cisplatin.
Ischemia induces metabolic stress that is secondary to oxygen, amino acids and glucose deprivation and activates complex evolutionarily conserved responses, including the UPR.
AMPK is activated by any metabolic stress that depletes ATP, either by inhibiting its production (as do hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and treatment with biguanides) or by accelerating its consumption (as does muscle contraction [ 10]).
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The ubiquitous heat shock response provides a model for cellular adaptations to metabolic stresses that are encountered in cardiac disease.
The physiologic and metabolic stresses that dairy cows experience during the transition into early lactation can promote oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune dysfunction.
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated in response to metabolic stresses that deplete cellular ATP, and in both liver and skeletal muscle, activated AMPK stimulates fatty acid oxidation.
AMPK is a cellular energy sensor activated by metabolic stresses that either inhibit ATP synthesis or accelerate ATP consumption.
It is involved in the response to a variety of metabolic stresses that disturb the cellular energy homeostasis [59], [60], [61].
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