This metabolic shift occurs in mature activated immune cells even though they are not highly proliferative.
When a major metabolic shift occurs, many genes may be lost.
A metabolic shift occurs when cancer cells use more glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy.
In humans, PNPs are up-regulated in diseased and cancerous tissues where metabolic shifts occur [ 4- 6].
Taken together, these results suggest that two broad classes of metabolic shifts occur in LPS-challenged astrocytes.
The topography and extent of metabolic and innervation scintigraphic defects were largely overlapped, supporting the hypothesis that metabolic shifts occurred secondarily to neurocardiogenic injury rather than cardiac ischemia [ 2, 3].
Some of the treatments were long enough so that the changes in gene expression, protein accumulation, and metabolic shifts occurred during the treatment, and in other cases, the treatment primed the tissue to produce the changes after the heat stress.
In addition, it has been suggested that in certain cancer cell types, a metabolic shift may occur in which high rates of glycolysis promote increased fatty acid oxidation (references in [ 26]).
Some carbohydrates and amino acids differed ten-fold in abundance between PsbS-lacking mutants and over-expressers, with wild-type plants having intermediate amounts, showing that a metabolic shift had occurred.
This metabolic shift also occurs in T. kodakarensis[ 34, 35] and, based on the numbers of cDNA reads obtained from RNA preparations isolated from T. kodakarensis cells growing in pyruvate medium before and after sulfur addition, the transcription regulation is also conserved in T. kodakarensis.
