This chapter focuses on recent advances in the metabolic regulation involved in the biosynthesis of six groups of alkaloids benzylisoquinoline (BA), monoterpenoid indole, tropane, purine, pyrrolizidine, and quinolizidine alkaloids for which biosynthetic and regulatory genes have been reported and characterized.
Our model includes the biochemical reactions of the metabolic network and all the known levels of regulation involved in metabolic pathways: transcriptional, translational, post-translational and modulation of enzymatic activities.
In particular, the methylation aberrations were frequently found near genes involved in metabolism and metabolic regulation [ 69].
Complying with regulations involves a cost.
The thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are ligand-dependant transcription factors that regulate key genes involved in metabolic regulation, thermogenesis and development.
Mn is an essential nutrient and a cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in protein and energy metabolism and metabolic regulation.
The CAMKs not represented in E. cuniculi include budding yeast's Psk1p and Psk2p (FUN31 and YOL045W) (involved in nutrient sensing and metabolic regulation: [ 66]), Hrk1p (YOR267C) and Ptk2p (involved in plasma membrane ATPase regulation: [ 68]); Kcell/Gin4p/Hsl1p/cycleCdregulatorsycle regulathroughrough phosphorylation of Swe1p/Wee1: [ 69, 70]).
Also, a number of transcriptional regulators that are primarily involved in metabolic regulation have been shown to play a role in clock function.
Recent studies have elucidated new substrates for Sirt1 that are involved in metabolic regulation, and have further delineated Sirt1's functional associations with other metabolic regulators like AMP-activated kinase (AMPK).
The correlation of various metabolites and genes involved in metabolic regulation with plants' sodium levels (Figure 3) suggests that the ion component of salt stress is involved in eliciting a part of the salinity-induced metabolic rearrangement.
