Over 10% of the genes with the catalytic activity annotation that are upregulated in III M male head are predicted to encode proteins involved in a metabolic process, including metabolism of organic acids, amino acids, and lipids.
Genes related to inflammation, lipid metabolism process and another metabolic process (including carbohydrate protein and nucleic acid metabolism) and hematological system developments were selected [ 12, 13].
Negative genetic interactions were enriched for the following Gene Ontology categories (supplementary material Table S6): Transcription, RNA Metabolic Process, including genes for tRNA processing, and Signal Transducer Activity/Signal Transduction.
Gene Ontology analysis of the differential proteins showed high level of enrichment in the nodes belonging to metabolic process including glucosinolate biosynthesis and response to stimulus.
Many of these genes code for proteins involved in the lipid metabolic process, including bile secretion, adipocytokine signalling pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid biosynthesis, and fat digestion and absorption.
In effect, the variations of pH are considered as indicators of change in the metabolic process, including enzymes (Sandhya et al. 2005).
For biological process category, 40 up-regulated proteins were involved in metabolic process, including organic acid metabolic process, nucleotide and nucleoside metabolic process, while 12 proteins were involved in transport process.
Also, the sulfur metabolic process includes genes involved in sulfur assimilation, a biochemical process that consumes reducing equivalents.
Of the direct GO counts identified for "biological process", lipid metabolic process (including pheromone biosynthesis) and reproduction were among the first 20 dominant terms (Fig. 5a).
GO term classification and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the levels of transcripts changed significantly in "metabolic process", including "terpenoid biosynthetic process".
