KEGG analysis mapped a total of 2914 unigenes to 307 metabolic pathways encompassing five KEGG categories, including metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems (Additional File 2).
Another software package for model reconstruction is the Pathway Tools suite [ 39, 40], which is built around the BioCyc database collection of metabolic pathways encompassing virtually all domains of life; currently, 1129 genomes and their respective databases are contained in BioCyc.
Similarly, the physiological effects of alcohol are diverse, encompassing both intermediary metabolic pathways as well as the nervous system, where alcohol can exert both general sedative effects and elicit addiction through its actions on the dopaminergic reward system.
Since the redox cofactor NADH is one of the hub metabolites in the organism-wide network of metabolic reactions [ 29], the regulation of redox homeostasis encompasses all the metabolic pathways.
Cardiometabolic syndrome is an extremely complicated issue due to the fact that it encompasses a mesh of metabolic pathways (mainly glycemia and lipids) and involves several tissues (liver, fat, muscle, and others).
Although there is substantial amount of evidence that lymphoblastoid cells encompasses a variety of metabolic pathways that are specific to individuals where the cells originated, making these cell lines suitable for molecular and functional studies [ 31].
INITIAL investigations into the coordinated regulation of genes and operons in bacteria established the concepts of regulons and regulatory networks, where regulons include one or more operons controlled by a common regulatory protein and regulatory networks encompass multiple operons, multiple metabolic pathways, and multiple regulatory proteins (Maas and Clark 1964; Gottesman 1984).
The metabolic processes targeted by natural poisons encompass more than enzymes in metabolic pathways and can also include the inhibition of receptor, channel and structural protein functions in a cell.
These candidate regions encompassed 420 genes involved in a variety of functions and metabolic pathways, including several colocalizations with QTLs for polyphenol compounds.
In big cats, several genes are altered in the metabolic pathways linked to protein digestion and metabolism.
Such protein-modifying enzymes encompass a large number of fundamental processes such as cell growth, the cell cycle, metabolic pathways and signal transduction.
