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The metabolic configuration of D. radiodurans and its implications for ionizing radiation resistance have been described previously [41].
In conclusion, the fundamental element for the emergence of a global metabolic configuration characterized by presenting a metabolic core is the number of subsystems.
Therefore it can be concluded that the fundamental element for the spontaneous emergence of a global metabolic configuration, characterized by presenting a metabolic core, is the number of metabolic subsystems belonging to the network.
While such a metabolic configuration limits growth, it could promote the accumulation of TCA cycle products and their derivatives (e.g., amino acids); and (ii) D. radiodurans has lost four genes in the biosynthetic pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme which D. radiodurans requires for growth [41], [42].
The information gathered in such pseudo-steady-state models concerns the metabolic configuration of cell culture.
The metabolic configuration of β-cells is adapted to favour the complete oxidation of glucose by mitochondria [95] through the suppression of genes involved in the production of lactate (LDHA and the plasma membrane monocarboxylate transporter, SLC16A1/MCT1) [96 99], and the expression at high levels of FAD-GPDH [24,25,100].
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Regarding the rest of the global metabolic configurations, apart from appearing in smaller percentages than the previous one, it is observed that these percentages diminish even more when the level of covalent regulation is not very high, as could be expected in living cell conditions (here small threshold values δ represent high covalent regulatory activity).
In the prevailing conditions inside the cell, catalytic dynamics seem to show a similar structure to this kind of metabolic global configuration.
This metabolic re-configuration results in the recycling of NADPH, a major redox cofactor in the antioxidant machinery and the source of redox power for glutathione recycling [14], [15].
This may be the reason why under sulfate deficiency there was no indication of a comparable large-scale metabolic re-configurations as seen under N-limitation.
DMNs also exhibit simultaneously stable global configurations with metabolic cores and different steady states, regular oscillations and chaotic reactive transitions in the activity of different metabolic subsystems [39].
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