Obesity is characterized by excessive fatty acid mobilization, giving rise to many obesity-related metabolic complications including insulin resistance [1], [2].
Obesity is linked to metabolic complications including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Likewise, metabolic complications including insulin resistance, coagulation defects and hyperlipidemia contribute to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.
The Markov model takes into account long-term metabolic complications including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart diseases (CHDs), and stroke.
The development of obesity often results in the onset of further metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, together termed the metabolic syndrome.
However, cART has been associated with metabolic complications, including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM) and lipodystrophy, with resultant increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 2].
Exercise is a cornerstone treatment for obesity-related metabolic complications, including insulin resistance (1), which is a primary cause of type 2 diabetes and many other chronic diseases.
63 Women living with HIV have multiple, potentially additive factors that predispose them to metabolic complications, including osteoporosis, lipid and glucose disturbances, and cardiovascular risk.
The higher energy provision did not improve nitrogen balance, protein catabolism, and urea generation rate but resulted in increased metabolic complications, including hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia [ 103].
